China steps into fighter jet markets Russia can no longer serve

As Russia’s fighter jet exports shrink under sanctions and production strain, China is quietly expanding into markets once dominated by Moscow, offering countries an alternative when Western aircraft are politically or financially out of reach.

For decades, China exported mostly low-end fighters, often simplified copies of Soviet designs like the J-6 and J-7. These aircraft still fly today in parts of Africa and Asia, operated by air forces with limited budgets and modest defense needs.

That image is now changing.

Modern aircraft such as the J-10C and the emerging J-35 stealth fighter are positioning China as a serious player in the military aviation market, particularly for states locked out of Western supply chains by sanctions or diplomatic tensions.

Older Jets Still Dominate China’s Export Footprint

Countries including Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Iran continue to operate Chinese-built J-7 fighters, with export production running until 2013. These aircraft are affordable, easy to maintain, and suitable for low-intensity security missions.

China has also found steady demand for trainers that double as light fighters, exporting the Hongdu JL-8 and JL-10 to countries across Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.

Pakistan: China’s Anchor Customer

Pakistan stands apart as China’s most important export partner. It is currently the only foreign operator of the Chengdu J-10, with around 20 aircraft in service and more on order. Pakistan also co-developed the JF-17 Thunder, a low-cost multirole jet now flown by Azerbaijan, Myanmar, and Nigeria.

High-End Exports Remain Limited

Despite speculation, there are no confirmed exports of China’s fifth-generation J-35 fighter. Reports suggest interest from countries like Iran, Indonesia, and Egypt, particularly after Western restrictions blocked access to U.S. and European jets.

According to Reuters, Indonesia is actively weighing an offer for Chinese J-10s, while Iran entered negotiations after Russia failed to deliver aircraft following the 2025 regional conflict.

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